Hedera helix 'Buttercup' Saved by Fred McCullers. Ivy House Flower Backgrounds Hedera Helix Ivy Plants Plants Herbs Houseplants Leaves Moss Garden. HD Buttercup is a California-based furniture and rugs retailer with stores in Los Angeles, San Fransisco and Orange County.
Hedera helix 'Buttercup'
common ivy
- Position: full sun or partial shade
- Soil: humus-rich, preferably alkaline, moist, well-drained soil (or John Innes No.3 potting compost for container-grown plants)
- Rate of growth: fast-growing
- Flowering period: October to November
- Hardiness: fully hardy
Clusters of yellowish-green autumn flowers, followed by spherical black fruit and large, five-lobed, pale green to buttercup yellow leaves. The foliage of this vigorous, self-clinging, evergreen climber is best in full sun. An excellent variety for covering a sunny wall, it's a great companion for the cheerful, yellow, lantern-shaped flowers of Clematis tangutica. - Garden care: Water regularly during the growing season. Plants may be pruned at any time of the year to keep within bounds.
- Harmful if eaten/may cause skin allergy
Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, and Kelly C. Everitt2
Introduction
The genus Hedera belongs to the family Araliaceae and comprises about 11 species. Among them, H. helix, commonly known as English ivy, is native to temperate regions of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia and is probably the most significant species used worldwide as a foliage plant. It is commonly grown as a potted (Figure 1) or hanging basket plant and can be used effectively in dish gardens and other combination planters. In large interior plantscapes, English ivy makes a good ground cover or it can be trained into formal shapes on trellises or made into topiary figures.
Figure 1.Commercial production of English ivy (Hedera helix).
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]Two noticeable characteristics of English ivy are its evergreen leaves and the fact that it develops both juvenile and adult foliage. Juvenile leaves, usually 3- to 5-lobed, are produced on flexible stems that may form roots on every node while growing as a ground cover or a climbing vine. Adult leaves are produced on stiff, nonclimbing and rootless stems and are elliptic-lanceolate and not lobed. After adult foliage appears, flowers may develop in globose umbels, usually in compound panicles, with each umbel carrying 10–15 flowers.
According to the American Ivy Society (Naples, FL), ivy leaf shapes can be classified into nine categories in reference to the Pierot System: variegated (V), birds foot (BF), fan (F), curlies (C), heart-shapes (H), miniature (M), ivy-ivies (I), adult (A), and oddities (O) (www.ivy.org). Plants with different leaf shapes and variegation patterns, if stable in propagation, could potentially become new cultivars. The American Ivy Society is the International Registration Authority for new ivy cultivar registration. There are more than 200 cultivars of H. helix varying in leaf sizes, shapes, colors, and variegation patterns; all were selected from sports.
English Ivy is capable of adapting to a wide range of environmental conditions; it has been listed as an invasive plant in many states but not Florida. This article is intended to describe common species and cultivars grown in the foliage plant industry, provide guidelines for their culture and interior use, and list physiological problems that may be encountered during production and interiorscape use. It is suggested that the potential invasiveness of this species be noted at the retail level and that buyers be advised to only use this plant where it cannot become a nuisance.
Species and Cultivars
Hedera Helix Buttercup Rhs
See Table 1.
Cultural Guides
Propagation
Juvenile English ivy is propagated by cuttings (Chen and Stamps, 2006); tissue culture is not currently used commercially. Both tip and nodal cuttings root readily with single node cuttings more commonly used commercially than double node cuttings. Cuttings are rooted singly in cell plugs but multiply in 4-, 6-, or 8-inch pots. The rooting media can be formulated by using 40% to 60% Canadian peat combined with an equal volume of perlite and vermiculate. Media should have good water-holding capacity and aeration, with soluble salts between 1-3 dS/m and a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. Cuttings root best under mist in a shaded greenhouse or shadehouse under a light level of 1000–1500 fc and temperatures between 70°F to 86°F.
Production
The best quality English ivy is produced if temperatures are between 70°F and 90°F and the relative humidity is between 60% and 100% (Chen et al., 2005). Plant quality and growth rates begin to decline when day temperatures routinely exceed 95°F or night temperatures drop below 65°F. Controlled-release or water-soluble fertilizers, or a combination of both, can be used for ivy production. A fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio at 3-1-2 or 2-1-2 should be used at the rate of 25 pounds of N per 1,000 square feet annually. Table 2 provides a guide for determining if English ivy is appropriately fertilized based on leaf analysis. Light intensity should range from 1500 to 2500 fc. The media should dry slightly before re-irrigating as plants grow poorly if the media is kept extremely wet or dry. Xanthomonas leaf spot disease may occur if overhead irrigation is used.
Shipping and Interior Care
Use protective sleeves when shipping finished H. helix. High quality plants will be retained if shipping temperatures can be kept between 50°F and 60°F. Once plants are placed indoors, it is advisable not to re-pot or fertilize them for about four weeks. This allows the plant to recover from any shipping stress. Plants should not be fertilized if soluble salts are 2.0 dS/m or higher. If soluble salt levels are greater than 3.0 dS/m, leaching the media with water may help reduce potential leaf necrosis or damage to the root system. Keep the media moist during the first two to three weeks indoors, and then water less frequently. Whether plants are in hanging baskets or free-standing pots, English ivy will retain its aesthetic appearance under light levels as low as 100 fc if temperatures are kept between 70°F and 80°F. Pinch any long stems to promote a bushy growth habit. Overcrowded plants can repotted at any time of the year.
Physiological Problems
See Table 3.
Literature Cited
Chen, J., McConnell, D.B., Norman, D.J., and Henny, R.J. 2005. The foliage plant industry. Horticultural Reviews 31:45–110.
Chen, J., and Stamps, R.H. 2006. Cutting propagation of foliage plants. pp. 203-228. In Dole, J.M., and Gibson, J.L. (eds.) Cutting Propagation: A Guide to Propagating and Producing Floriculture Crops. Ball Publishing, Batavia, IL.
Tables
Table 1.A listing of most of the cultivars available in Florida as of 2004.
Cultivar | Characteristics |
Anne Marie | 5-lobed leaves with a white margin. |
Asterisk | 5- to 7-lobed leaves. Lobes are deep, very narrow and recurved. |
California | Red tinged stems with olive green traditional leaves. |
English | Standard 3- to 5-lobed and solid green leaves and white veins. |
Eva | 3-lobed, grey and green variegated leaves with a thin, white margin. Center lobe is twice as long as the other two. |
Glacier | One of the oldest cultivars. 3- to 5-lobed, grey-green and silver variegated leaves. Shallow sinuses. |
Gold Child | Larger, 3-lobed leaves with a gold border. Gold becomes creamy in heat. |
Gold Dust | 3- to 5-lobed leaves that are splashed with grey and gold splotches. |
Golden Esther | Also known as 'Ceridwen.' Mostly gold leaves with a little green weeping in from the margins. |
Greenheart | 3-lobed solid green leaves with very shallow sinuses. Almost heart-shaped. |
Hahns Self-Branching | Similar to 'English' but with more branches. Tends to tolerate brighter light than others. |
Ingelise | 3- to 5-lobed, small, bright green leaves with a definitive white border. |
Ingrid Liz | 3- to 5-lobed, olive-green and grey leaves with gold margins. |
Kolibri | 3-lobed, green and white marbled leaves. |
Needlepoint | 3- to 5-lobed, small, solid green leaves with deep and narrow sinuses. |
Pittsburgh | 3- to 5-lobed, glossy, solid green leaves. Vigorous. |
Ralph | 3-lobed, solid green leaves with the center lobe longer than the others. |
Ritterkreuz | 5- to 7-lobed, light green, star-shaped leaves. Center and side lobes are almost at right angles. |
Sagittaefolia | 5- to 7-lobed leaves in shapes resembling birds feet. Variegated form also available. |
Shamrock | 3-lobed leaves, self-branching, and miniature. Lobes may be split. Margins are ruffled. |
Sweetheart | Small, unlobed, heart-shaped leaves. |
Telecurl | Twisted trunk, leaves, and stem. Dwarf form used in bonsai. 5-lobed leaves. |
Nutrient concentrations in leaves considered low, medium, and high for Hedera growth.
Nutrient | Low | Medium | High |
Nitrogen | less than 2.5 % | 2.5–4.5 % | greater than 4.5 % |
Phosphorus | less than 0.3 % Open the note you want to restore from the Trash, tap the More actionsbutton (three dots), then tap Restore note. Open the note you want to restore from the Trash, click the options button (three dots), then click Restore. Note: You cannot restore a notebook that has been deleted. Why did evernote delete my notes. Evernote 'UPDATE' seems to have lost/deleted all my notes. I had a free account. Anyone else experience this? Anyone Press J to jump to the feed. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Open any notes you find inside and check for your missing content. Recover from backup: If you have a backup of the note, you can import it back into Evernote. Learn how to back up and restore notes. Contact support (Evernote Premium and Business): If you still can't locate your content, contact us. | 0.3–0.9 % | greater than 0.9 % |
Potassium | less than 1.5 % | 1.5–4.5 % | greater than 4.5 % |
Calcium | less than 1.0 % | 1.0–2.0 % | greater than 2.0 % |
Magnesium | less than 0.3 % | 0.3–0.7 % | greater than 0.7 % |
Sulfur | less than 0.3 % | 0.3–0.5 % | greater than 0.5 % |
Iron | less than 50 ppm | 50–350 ppm | greater than 350 ppm |
Manganese | less than 50 ppm | 50–200 ppm | greater than 200 ppm |
Zinc | less than 20 ppm | 20–100 ppm | greater than 100 ppm |
Copper | less than 5 ppm | 5–25 ppm | greater than 25 ppm |
Boron | less than 20 ppm | 20–50 ppm | greater than 50 ppm |
Causes and effects of various physiological problems.
Symptoms | Probable Cause | Treatment |
Thin, spindly growth. | Too little light with too much water and fertilizer. | Reduce water and fertilizer or move to a brighter location. |
Leaf burn. | High soluble salts in potting media. | Use the pour-through method to check media soluble salts and maintain soluble salt levels between 1.0 to 3.0 dS/m. |
Small yellow spots on the surface of leaves. | Edema occurs when more water is taken up by the roots than can be given off by the leaves. Certain leaf cells become engorged with and water and swell. | Increase the temperature and ventilation around the plant to facilitate moisture loss through the leaves. Over-watered plants are highly susceptible to edema. |
Loss of variegation in young leaves. | Very low light. | Move plant to brighter conditions. |
Loss of variegation in older leaves. | Age, low light. | None, although brighter conditions may help. |
Change in leaf shape/color. | Unstable cultivar. Airserver for mac torrent. | Prune unwanted growth. |
Slow growth and/or rooting. | High temperatures. | Lower temperatures and increase ventilation. Common in the south during summer. |
Brown leaf edges. | High heat; spider mites. | Move to an area where temperatures are no higher than 85°F and increase the humidity. If spider mites are detected, wash leaves in 1% soap and water solution. Remove damaged leaves. |
Hedera Helix Buttercup
Footnotes
1.
This document is ENH990, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2004. Revised May 2005 and June 2014. Reviewed April 2020. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2.
Jianjun Chen, professor; Dennis B. McConnell, professor; and Kelly C. Everitt, former research assistant; Environmental Horticultural, UF/IFAS Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county's UF/IFAS Extension office.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.